Survey of historical New Zealand shellfish samples for accumulation of gymnodimine     

David J. Stirling 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):851-857

In 1994 a major biotoxin event occurred along the east coast of the South Island, New Zealand. Gymnodimine, a unique bioactive spiroimine, was isolated and characterised from Foveaux Strait dredge oysters (Tiostrea chilensis = Ostrea chilensis) collected during this outbreak. This study reports the results of liquid chromatographic‐mass spectrometric analysis for gymnodimine in 217 samples from eight species of shellfish over the years 1993–99. Of these samples 155, covering six species of shellfish, contained detectable gymnodimine with a range in concentration from 14.8 to 23 400 μg/kg. Gymnodimine‐containing shellfish occurred at 37 of the 63 sites sampled from around New Zealand. This study demonstrates that accumulation of gymnodimine is not limited to T. chilensis and can occur in other shellfish species over much of New Zealand. Gymnodimine is a possible cause of the numerous historical biotoxin screen‐positive results.  相似文献   

我国海水贝类养殖低碳效应评价     

孙立伟  杨创业  冯景春  张俱  曾新阳 《海洋通报》2022,(5)

食物生产系统的碳排放占人类活动碳排放总量的 30%, 碳汇渔业是一种重要的面向人类社会高质量食物蛋白质供给 的低碳发展路径。本文基于常见的 11 种养殖贝类的固碳系数和蛋白质含量特性研究,系统评估了我国2019 年养殖牡蛎 、蛤 类、扇贝、贻贝和蚶类等在养殖周期内碳捕集特性以及对低碳发展的贡献。研究表明： (1) 11 种养殖贝类之间贝壳和软体 组织含碳量的差异并不明显,但干重比和出肉率差异显著。因此,贝类固碳量核算不能忽视种类差异。 (2)所选 11 种贝类 软体组织皆属于高蛋白食品,虾夷扇贝软体组织 (干重) 的蛋白质含量最高。针对单位质量贝类养殖,长牡蛎的碳封存贡献 度最大,而华贵栉孔扇贝提供的蛋白质最多,两者都是碳汇渔业的优势种。(3) 据估算,我国2019 年海水养殖贝类中牡蛎、蛤 类 、扇贝和蚶类总共吸收固定了约 117.98 万吨 C02,提供了 40.65 万吨蛋白质 。这些蛋白质相比于牛肉源蛋白质可减少 4 048.74 万吨 C02 当量的排放量。由于贝类固碳强度大,探索低碳可持续的贝类养殖是绿色渔业经济的重要引擎, 也是建立可持续高质量“蓝色粮仓”和生物固碳的重要路径, 将在我国低碳产业发展中发挥重要作用。  相似文献   

The risk to New Zealand shellfish aquaculture from paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins     

A. Lincoln MacKenzie 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2014,48(3):430-465

New Zealand's reputation as a supplier of high quality food products is vital to the national economy; international consumers are acutely aware of food safety issues and markets are increasingly demanding higher standards. Filter feeding bivalves are particularly sensitive to the nature of the environment in which they are grown, and quality assurance is a major preoccupation of the shellfish aquaculture industry. With the exception of a couple of incidents, most notably the Gymnodinium catenatum blooms in 2000–2003, paralytic shellfish toxin (PST) contamination has, to date, not had an important effect on the economics and sustainability of the industry. However, the dinoflagellate species responsible for producing these toxins are not uncommon in New Zealand coastal phytoplankton communities, and it is important that awareness of the potential risk is maintained. This review summarises what we know about the causes and incidence of PST contamination from research and monitoring over the last 20 years, since it was first identified in New Zealand. It describes the dynamics of major events and their consequences, and evaluates what is likely to happen in the future as aquaculture expands into new areas with known histories of this problem.  相似文献   

麻痹性贝毒对肝脏和肾脏氧化损伤的影响     

陈雪  程金平  张鉴达  宋玉玲  王文华  于金莲 《海洋科学》2010,34(12):93-95

为了探讨麻痹性贝毒(PSP)对肝脏和肾脏损伤的机制,采用膝沟藻毒素GTX-1,4对小鼠进行急性暴露,剂量为1μg/kg,时间分别为60、90、120min。结果发现,与对照组相比,肝脏染毒组中的还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量没有显著变化;在肾脏中,60 min时染毒组GSH含量没有明显变化,90、120 min时GSH含量降低;两器官中抗氧化酶(GSH-Px、SOD)活性与对照组相比均无显著变化(P0.05)。从而推断,GSH参与了PSP对肾脏损害的毒性过程;肾中GSH含量有可能作为PSP早期检测的敏感指标。  相似文献   

日本鬼鱼由工厂化育苗技术研究     

李显森  李琼珍 《广东海洋大学学报》1999,(4)

从北部湾沿海采捕的日本鬼鱼由 ( Inimicus japonicus)亲鱼 ,经暂养后进行催产 ,雌鱼每千克体重注射 L RH-A3 1 0μg DOM 5mg或 HCG 60 0～ 80 0 IU LRH-A3 3 0～ 4 0μg;雄鱼注射同样药物 ,剂量减半。共采卵 1 0 9万粒 ,平均受精率 89.0 % ,平均孵化率 90 .0 % ,共培育出体长 1 .8～ 2 .3 cm的幼鱼 2 6.8万尾 ,平均成活率 3 0 .7%。  相似文献   

A sulfotransferase specific to N-21 of gonyautoxin 2/3 from crude enzyme extraction of toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense CI01     

王大志  张树刚  洪华生 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2007,25(2):227-234

Sulfotransferase (ST) is the first enzyme discovered in association with paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxin biosynthesis in toxic dinoflagellates. This study investigates the ST activity in crude enzyme extraction of a toxic dinoflagellate species, Alexandrium tamarense CI01. The results show that crude enzyme can transfer a sulfate group from 3’-phosphoadenosine 5’-phosphosulfate (PAPS) to N-21 in the carbamoyl group of gonyautoxin 2/3 (GTX2/3) to produce C1/C2, but is inactive toward STX to produce GTX5. The crude enzyme is optimally active at pH 6.0 and 15°C. The activity is enhanced by Co2 , Mg2 , Mn2 and Ca2 individually, but is inhibited by Cu2 . Moreover, the activity shows no difference when various sulfur compounds are used as sulfate donors. These results demonstrate that the ST specific to GTX2/3 is present in the cells of A. tamarense CI01 and is involved in PSP toxin biosynthesis. In addition, the ST from different dinoflagellates is species-specific, which explains well the various biosynthesis pathways of the PSP toxins in toxic dinoflagellates.  相似文献   

延庆发展奶牛的气候优势     

刘勇洪  高燕虎  叶彩华 《气象科技》2008,36(6):791-794

依据奶牛生物学特性及与气象条件关系,利用延庆地区30年的气候资料,从地理位置、体高、适温条件、不适温条件、温湿指数、相对湿度和日照、风寒指数、饲料条件等多方面,分析论证了延庆在发展奶牛相对于北京平原地区的气候优势.综合分析表明,相对于北京平原地区,延庆气候更适于发展奶牛养殖.  相似文献   

Genetic techniques for livestock breeding: Restructuring institutional relationships in agriculture     

David Gibbs  Lewis Holloway  Ben Gilna  Carol Morris 《Geoforum》2009,40(6):1041-1049

This paper explores some of the key institutional transformations in livestock breeding associated with the increasing significance of genetic techniques, situating this within an assessment of an emerging agricultural bioeconomy. Focusing on beef cattle and sheep breeding in the United Kingdom, the paper examines how a move towards the involvement of international and corporate interests in livestock breeding is restructuring the network of institutional interests affecting the knowledge and decision making of individual breeders. The paper suggests that the structural transformation of beef cattle and sheep breeding is complicated by the need for negotiation between breeders’ ‘traditional’ knowledge-practices and the ‘geneticised’ techniques being made available to them. We are thus seeing the emergence of new and complex interactions between the major actors which are reconfiguring power relationships in the UK livestock breeding sector.  相似文献   

福建省贝藻类养殖碳汇及其潜力评估          下载免费PDF全文

张麋鸣  颜金培  叶旺旺  张超  高众勇  徐长安  李玉红  张介霞  赵淑惠  孙恒  詹力扬 《应用海洋学学报》2022,41(1):53-59

海水贝藻类养殖碳汇是海洋渔业碳汇的重要组成,开展其碳汇研究对服务我国实现碳中和目标有积极的作用.福建省的海水养殖规模和产量居于全国前列,对其海水贝藻类养殖碳汇及潜力评估有重要的意义.本研究分析了2015至2020年度《中国渔业统计年鉴》海水贝藻类养殖数据,估算了2014年至2019年全国及福建省海水贝藻类养殖碳汇强度,...  相似文献   

南方典型富营养化海区生态修复技术与策略          下载免费PDF全文

汤坤贤  范祥  李和阳  马勇  张飞  孙元敏 《应用海洋学学报》2021,40(1):163-169

陆源排污和海水养殖等经常造成近海富营养化。选用大型海藻或大型海藻与贝类组成的复合生态系统开展富营养化海区生态修复,在介绍富营养化海区特征及治理方法的基础上,分析不同修复生物及其组合对不同富营养化海区的适宜性。结果表明,贝类不宜单独作为修复生物;大型海藻可以有效吸收水中的溶解无机氮(DIN)、溶解无机磷(DIP),提高溶解氧(DO)浓度,是良好的富营养化海区修复生物。贝藻复合生态系统适宜在营养盐和颗粒物含量较高的海区开展生态修复。针对两种典型的富营养化海区(网箱养殖区、污水排放区),制定不同的生态修复技术和策略,介绍不同修复技术的修复生物品种选择、修复时间、养殖筏架、密度控制、操作方法与实施效果等,具有较好的应用前景,可为富营养化海区的生态修复研究与实践提供参考。  相似文献